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Scintillator crystal coupled to two SiPM matrices on its top and bottom The device is composed of a continuous LYSO The 4DM-PET experiment aims to develop an innovative detector module for The normalized root-mean square error between simulated and measured spectra varied between 4.3% and 10.4%. In all cases ANTS2 simulated spectra have very good agreement with experimental results, reproducing the expected shape, with correct onset and end at keV, respectively, as well as sharp edges at the reference energies of 88, 88 + 202, 88 + 307 and 88 + 202 + 307 keV. The simulation results were validated with experimental data acquired under the same geometric and detector operating conditions.

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Two crystal sizes, fully and partially covering the photosensor area, three surface crystal wrappings (black, specular or diffuse) and the full signal formation process in the photosensor were considered.

In this work the scintillation energy spectra originating from the background radioactivity from polished monolithic lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate coupled to position-sensitive silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) was studied using the open source Monte Carlo simulation package ANTS2.

The package executables are publicly available at The performance of the module is demonstrated with simulated data generated in ANTS and experimental data recorded with a 19 PMT neutron detector. A particular strength of the new module is the ability to reconstruct the light response functions and relative gains of the photomultipliers from flood field illumination data using adaptive algorithms. Data recorded with a sensor array containing up to 100 photomultiplier tubes (PMT) or silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) in a custom configuration can be loaded and the positions and energies of the events can be reconstructed using the Center-of-Gravity, Maximum Likelihood or Least Squares algorithm.

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The software package ANTS (Anger-camera type Neutron detector: Toolkit for Simulations), developed for simulation of Anger-type gaseous detectors for thermal neutron imaging was extended to include a module for experimental data processing. The package is implemented in C++ programming language and it is a multiplatform, open source project. ANTS2 is being developed with the focus on the iterative (adaptive) reconstruction of the detector response using flood field irradiation data. The package includes a graphical user interface with an extensive set of configuration, visualization and analysis tools. A custom library for B-spline parameterization of spatial response of photosensors is implemented which can be used to calculate and parameterize the spatial response of a detector. The module can process simulated as well as imported experimental data containing photosensor signals. The reconstruction module features several position reconstruction methods based on the statistical reconstruction algorithms (including GPU-based implementations), artificial neural networks and k-NN searches. The module is capable of simulating particle sources, performing particle tracking, generating photons of primary and secondary scintillation, tracing optical photons and generating photosensor signals. The simulation module of ANTS2 is based on ROOT package from CERN, which is used to store the detector geometry and to perform 3D navigation. ĪNTS2 is a simulation and data processing package developed for position sensitive detectors with Anger camera type readout. Simulation results reproduce well the preliminary results obtained with a small-scaleĭetector prototype. Reconstruction of the neutron capture position (projection on the plane of the lightĮmission) is performed using the center of gravity, maximum likelihood or weighted least squaresĪlgorithm. Several read-out patterns of the PMT array are implemented. The package allows for several geometrical shapes of the PMT photocathode (round, hexagonaland square) and offers a ﬂexible PMT array conﬁguration: up to 100 PMTs in a custom arrangement with the square or hexagonal packing. Response, area sensitivity, gain and single-photoelectron spectra of the photomultipliers (PMTs). Photo-detection accounts for the wavelength-resolved quantum efﬁciency, angular The photons are traced considering the wavelength-resolved refraction and transmission of the output window.

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The simulation code accounts for all physical processes related to the neutron capture,Įnergy deposition pattern, drift of electrons of the primary ionization and secondary scintillation. A custom and fully interactive simulation package ANTS (Anger-camera type Neutron detector: Toolkit for Simulations) has been developed to optimize the design and operationĬonditions of secondary scintillation Anger-camera type gaseous detectors for thermal neutron

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